Abnormal Pap Smears

EARLY DETECTION OF ABNORMAL CELLS

A Pap test or Pap smear is a sampling of the cervix to allow for early detection of abnormal cells. If left untreated, these abnormal cells can develop into cancer.

Understanding Your Pap & HPV Results

For patients over 30, a Pap test is typically performed alongside an HPV screening.

  • If your Pap result is normal but your HPV test is positive, both tests will usually be repeated in one year.

  • If your Pap smear is abnormal, your provider may recommend a follow-up procedure to take a closer look at your cervical cells.

What to Expect After an Abnormal Pap Smear

Colposcopy
A colposcopy is a 15-minute procedure that allows your doctor to closely examine your cervix using a special microscope.

  • A vinegar solution is applied to highlight abnormal cells.

  • One or more biopsies may be taken, along with a sample from the cervical canal.

  • You may feel brief cramping; taking 600mg of ibuprofen beforehand can ease discomfort.

  • Normal activity can be resumed right after the procedure.

  • Mild bleeding or dark discharge may occur for a few days.

  • Avoid intercourse and tampons for 72 hours if a biopsy was performed.

  • Call your provider if you experience heavy bleeding (soaking through a maxi pad).

Understanding Biopsy Results

Biopsy results typically take 4–5 business days. They will be graded as:

  • Mild: Often resolves without treatment. Monitoring with more frequent Pap smears is usually recommended.

  • Moderate to Severe: These cell changes should be removed to prevent progression.

Treatment: The LEEP Procedure

LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure) is used to remove abnormal cervical tissue:

  • Performed in-office, lasting 15–20 minutes

  • A local numbing injection is given

  • A thin wire loop removes a shallow layer of the cervix using a safe electrical current

What to Expect After LEEP:

  • Mild cramping and pink or brownish discharge for up to two weeks

  • Use ibuprofen for discomfort

  • Avoid tampons and intercourse for two weeks

  • Contact your provider if you experience heavy bleeding

Follow-Up and Long-Term Monitoring

A post-operative visit is scheduled about two weeks after your LEEP. At this visit, your doctor will:

  • Examine your cervix

  • Review your pathology report

  • Discuss next steps for monitoring

Close follow-up is essential. Most patients return to annual screenings after several consecutive normal Pap smears, but more frequent monitoring may be recommended initially.

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