Menopause

Understanding the Stages of Menopause

Menopause is a natural biological process that occurs in several stages, each with its own set of hormonal and physical changes:

• Premature Menopause: Occurs before age 40 and may result from genetics, medical conditions, or treatments.

• Perimenopause: The transitional phase leading up to menopause, marked by irregular periods and hormonal shifts.

• Menopause: Officially diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. Ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone.

• Postmenopause: The years following menopause, when estrogen levels remain consistently low.

Common Symptoms of Menopause

As estrogen levels decline, women may experience a variety of symptoms — from physical to emotional — that can range in severity and duration. Common symptoms include:

• Hot Flashes: Sudden warmth or flushing in the upper body.

• Irritability & Mood Swings: Hormonal changes can cause emotional fluctuations.

• Bladder Control Issues: Incontinence may occur during laughter, sneezing, or exercise.

• Insomnia: Difficulty sleeping, often related to night sweats or anxiety.

• Depression: Mood disorders may be triggered by hormonal and neurological changes.

• Abnormal Bleeding: Heavier, more frequent, or irregular periods during perimenopause.

• Sexual Dysfunction: Decreased libido or changes in sexual response.

• Vaginal Dryness: Reduced lubrication leading to discomfort during intercourse.

Managing Symptoms and Finding Relief

Every woman experiences menopause differently. While some symptoms are temporary, others can impact quality of life. Treatment options may include:

• Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, stress reduction)

• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

• Non-hormonal medications or supplements

• Vaginal moisturizers or lubricants

• Support groups or counseling

Talk to a Provider

If your symptoms are disrupting daily life — from emotional well-being to sexual health — it’s important to talk with a women’s health provider. Together, you can create a care plan that supports your transition through menopause and beyond.